Vertical ground reaction force and knee muscle activation after ACL reconstruction (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

• Reduced vGRF on operated limb at 12 months post-ACLR
• Quadriceps weakness and hamstring overactivity evident
• LSI below 90% indicates elevated re-injury risk

"This study analyzes gait symmetry and muscle activation patterns in patients 12 months post-ACL reconstruction. Key findings include reduced vertical ground reaction force on the operated limb and altered quadriceps and hamstring activation. The limb symmetry index was below 90%, indicating persistent asymmetries. These results inform rehabilitation protocols by highlighting the need for targeted strength training and biofeedback to restore symmetrical gait and reduce re-injury risk."